Paul Davies writes: The recent announcement by a team of astronomers that there could be as many as 40 billion habitable planets in our galaxy has further fueled the speculation, popular even among many distinguished scientists, that the universe is teeming with life.
The astronomer Geoffrey W. Marcy of the University of California, Berkeley, an experienced planet hunter and co-author of the study that generated the finding, said that it “represents one great leap toward the possibility of life, including intelligent life, in the universe.”
But “possibility” is not the same as likelihood. If a planet is to be inhabited rather than merely habitable, two basic requirements must be met: the planet must first be suitable and then life must emerge on it at some stage.
What can be said about the chances of life starting up on a habitable planet? Darwin gave us a powerful explanation of how life on Earth evolved over billions of years, but he would not be drawn out on the question of how life got going in the first place. “One might as well speculate about the origin of matter,” he quipped. In spite of intensive research, scientists are still very much in the dark about the mechanism that transformed a nonliving chemical soup into a living cell. But without knowing the process that produced life, the odds of its happening can’t be estimated.
When I was a student in the 1960s, the prevailing view among scientists was that life on Earth was a freak phenomenon, the result of a sequence of chemical accidents so rare that they would be unlikely to have happened twice in the observable universe. “Man at last knows he is alone in the unfeeling immensity of the universe, out of which he has emerged only by chance,” wrote the biologist Jacques Monod. Today the pendulum has swung dramatically, and many distinguished scientists claim that life will almost inevitably arise in Earthlike conditions. Yet this decisive shift in view is based on little more than a hunch, rather than an improved understanding of life’s origin. [Continue reading…]
There is a complexifying principle which is universally operative, but as long as we are trapped in the dualistic mindset of materialism, it can’t be seen. Life appears to be just an inexplicable result of accidental configurations of dead matter, and the odds are just too staggering to believe.
We analyze the physical to explain our experience and we call that neuroscience, but why do we resist making inferences in the other direction?
What we think of as life emerges from an exhaustive continuum of experiential events because it is satisfying. The process of becoming continually resolves contrasts into ever more complex and satisfying harmonies of experience, consciousness being the most complex. The ongoing creation of everything in the cosmos is fundamentally aesthetic in nature, and this principle operates everywhere.
This is frankly anthropomorphic, but what is wrong with that? What other way do we have of understanding the universe? Pleistocene man was much less confused about all of this than we are.
My bet is that life runs riot wherever the conditions exist.